Alternatively, behavioral addictions may include gambling addiction, internet addiction, social media addiction, video game addiction and sexual addiction. Įxamples of drug (or more generally, substance) addictions include alcoholism, marijuana addiction, amphetamine addiction, cocaine addiction, nicotine addiction, opioid addiction, and eating or food addiction. Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs). Classic signs of addiction include compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, preoccupation with substances or behavior, and continued use despite negative consequences.

This phenomenon – drugs reshaping brain function – has led to an understanding of addiction as a brain disorder with a complex variety of psychosocial as well as neurobiological (and thus involuntary) factors that are implicated in addiction's development.

Repetitive drug use often alters brain function in ways that perpetuate craving, and weakens (but does not completely negate) self-control. Psychiatry, clinical psychology, toxicology, addiction medicineĪddiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behaviour that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. severe substance-use disorder, gambling disorder)īrain positron emission tomography images that compare brain metabolism in a healthy individual and an individual with a cocaine addiction substance-use addiction, sexual addiction), dependence, addictive disorder, addiction disorder (e.g.

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